Now with full color images throughout, this comprehensive and authoritative resource has been redesigned for improved. This species of the genus actinobacillus is primarily associated with animals and animal diseases, especially septicemia in foals. Actinobacillus suis journal of clinical microbiology american. Actinobacillus suis infections in alberta swine, 197375. Pdf actinobacillus suis strains isolated from healthy and disease. Diseases of swine, 11th edition diseases of swine has been the definitive reference on swine health and disease for over 60 years. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae previously haemophilus pleuropneumoniae is the etiological agent of swine pleuropneumonia, a severe, contagious disease of swine causing important economic losses in industrialized swine production worldwide. This article cites 10 articles, 3 of which can be accessed free at. These isolates represented a gradually increasing incidence of herd outbreaks caused by a. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the etiologic agent of fibrinous, hemorrhagic and necrotizing pleuropneumonia of pigs nielsen, 1974. Actinobacillosis generalized conditions merck veterinary.
The infection is most commonly caused by abrasions on different soft tissues through which the bacteria, actinobacillus lignieresii, enters. Complete genome sequence of actinobacillus suis h910380. Haemolytic strains of actinobacillus from equine disease have been considered to be a. The bacterium has many strains and is the pathogen responsible for actinobacillosis in pigs of all ages. The genus actinobacillus is comprised of species that are animal pathogens, the only exceptions being actinobacillus ureae and actinobacillus hominis, which appear to be highly. Serotyping actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, streptococcus suis, haemophilus parasuis ref. Aug 20, 2020 actinobacillus suis is an important disease of pigs of all ages and can lead to severe morbidity and sudden death. Actinobacillus suis is an important opportunistic pathogen of swine that is able to cause disease in animals of all ages. Routine phenotypic identification of bacterial species of the. The key clinical signs include heavy breathing difficulties. Actinobacillus m a taxonomic genus within the family pasteurellaceae several gramnegative bacteria, some of which are pathogens. Prevalence of o1k1 and o2k3reactive actinobacillus suis. Actinobacillus ross, actinobacillus equuli, and actinobacillus suis have been reported in cases of metritis, abortion, low number of viable pigs at birth, and decreased litter weights. May 26, 2020 actinobacillus suis, haemophilus parasuis, and streptococcus suis.
We describe the isolation of actinobacillus equuli from the blood of a 53yearold butcher with septicemia. Validation of reference genes for quantitative realtime. It is considered as an opportunistic pathogen in pigs mair et al. Failure of passive transfer of immunoglobulin in foals. Actinobacillus actinomycemcomitans is found in the mouth as part of the normal flora and is associated with chronic actinomyces infections. Salmonella enterica typhoid feverparatyphoid feversalmonellosis. Actinobacillus suis was isolated from tissues of 39 pigs, 2 porcine lungs, and 1 uterine swab submitted for diagnostic evaluation from 24 farms in southwestern ontario between 1985 and 1988. Within this complex, actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, streptococcus suis, pasteurella multocida, bordetella bronchiseptica, haemophilus parasuis and mycoplasma hyopneumoniae are the main bacterial pathogens involved in great economic losses to the swine industry. Presence of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, streptococcus suis, pasteurella multocida, bordetella bronchiseptica, haemophilus parasuis and mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in upper respiratory tract of swine in farms from aguascalientes, mexico. It is also an important pathogen in pigs of all ages, where it can cause septicaemia and sequelae such as meningitis, arthritis, and pleuropneumonia 2. Actinobacillus suis an overview sciencedirect topics. Validation of reference genes for quantitative realtime pcr. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae biotype 2 was isolated in pure culture or as the predominant isolate from the lungs of 9 growing and finishing pigs with. Actinobacillus equuli is a gramnegative, nonmotile rod bacteria from the family pasteurellaceae a.
Actinobacillus suis infection in pigs in southwestern ontario. Pdf metalloproteases secreted by actinobacillus suis alma. Exotoxins of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae springerlink. Actinobacillus suis infections appeared to increase in the us industry. Gillespie mb, bch, bao, mrcpuk, mrcpath, in medical microbiology illustrated, 1994 actinobacillus. In addition, the invention provides kits comprising the.
Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 1. Actinobacillus suis and actinobacillus equuli, emergent pathogens of septic embolic. Streptococcus suis serotyping pcr serotypes 1,2,7 and 9 37. Download free pdf presence of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, streptococcus suis, pasteurella multocida, bordetella bronchiseptica, haemophilus parasuis and mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in upper respiratory tract of swine in farms from aguascalientes, mexico. Identification of actinobacillus suis genes essential for the.
Comparative investigations of strains obtained and porcine strains of a. The purpose of this study was to investigate the biological impacts of the interactions between s. Although there are more than 22 different bacterial species in this genus, only five a pleuropneumoniae, a suis, a equuli, a lignieresii, and a seminis are regularly associated with disease in animals. The genus actinobacillus includes gramnegative coccobacilli that occasionally cause disease. The other actinobacillus species colonize animals, which can act as a reservoir for opportunistic human infections. A retrospective study of equine actinobacillosis cases. Pdf metalloproteases secreted by actinobacillus suis. Actinobacillus equuli subspecies equuli is not hemolytic and is found in equine and. Misdiagnosis of the disease as actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae app. A colonization challenge method was developed, and using pcrbased signaturetagged transposon mutagenesis, genes belonging to 9 different functional classes were identified that were necessary for a. Actinobacillus suis is a betahaemolytic, gramnegative bacterium of the family pasteurellaceae. Actinobacillus suis and actinobacillus equuli, emergent. Molecular characterization of an rtx toxin determinant from.
Misdiagnosis of the disease as actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae app infection or other septicemias likely contributes to underreporting of the true prevalence of the disease. Actinobacillus suis has emerged as an important opportunistic pathogen of highhealthstatus swine. It is a gramnegative, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide nadindependent, non. Actinobacillus suis is a gram negative facultative anaerobe which is a frequent member of the normal microbiome of swine tonsils of the soft palate 1. Biochemical differentiation tests with positive results are. Complete genome sequence of actinobacillus suis h910380, a. Pdf actinobacillus suis isolates recovered from both healthy and diseased pigs were. The disease is either acute and often fatal or chronic localized and necrotizing. Although the genusactinobacillus includes species associated with human sources and diseases, such as actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and a. This new edition has been completely revised to include the latest information, developments, and research in the field. As components of the oropharyngeal flora of these animals, a. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is a gramnegative bacterium that belongs to the family pasteurellaceae.
These immunogenic compositions are demonstrated to usefully stimulate immunogenic responses in treated pigs. Pdf isolation and identification of actinobacillus. Identification of putative adhesins of actinobacillus suis. Mar 30, 2020 actinobacillus suis is an important disease of pigs of all ages and can lead to severe morbidity and sudden death. Actinobacillus suis strains isolated from healthy and diseased. Prevalence of o1k1 and o2k3reactive actinobacillus. Pdf isolation of actinobacillus suis from a cats lung. Actinobacillus suis disease has been reported in a wide range of vertebrate species, but is most commonly found in swine. Actinobacillus suis secretes metalloproteases into its medium. The ericpcr results showed that the 22 tested strains of serotype 6 had an identical genetic pattern figure 1a pattern clearly different from that of the danish reference serotype6 strain. On the basis of the indirect haemagglutination test 77 independent strains were included in the evaluation after the elimination of duplicate or multiple serotypes from the same herd. Media in category actinobacillus suis the following 3 files are in this category, out of 3 total. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae app iowa state university.
Pleuropneumonia caused by actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Evaluation of diagnostic assays for the serological. Serum samples collected at serum samples collected at the day of inoculation or vaccination and 7, 14, 21, and 28 days later were used to compare the assays. Clinical significance and taxonomy of actinobacillus hominis. The invention provides immunogenic compositions useful for inhibiting, treating, protecting, or preventing infection by actinobacillus suis. This disease primarily affects pigs of 8 to 16 weeks. Presence of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, streptococcus. Jan 20, 2021 serotyping is the most common method to characterize field isolates of actinobacillus a. These include primary and secondary specific pathogen free spf pigs or in. Identification of actinobacillus suis genes essential for. Prevalence of organisms described as actinobacillus suis or haemolytic actinobacillus equuli in the oral cavity of horses. On the basis of this analysis, the actinobacillus group is comprised of a. In addition to a common polysaccharide, two o and three k serovars of a. A total of 255 actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolates were collected from 634 lung samples representing 70 swine herds in hungary between january 2012 and june 2016.
The outbreaks were typified by sudden death in suckling or recently weaned. Molecular characterization of an rtx toxin determinant. Oct 01, 1976 actinobacillus suis infection in pigs in southwestern ontario. Based on serology, many farms seem to be infected and antibodies against a wide variety of serovars are detectable, but, so far it is unknown to what degree respective serovars contribute to outbreaks of clinical manifest disease. The bacterium actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae app consists of at least twelve different serotypes, some of which produce no disease but others cause severe disease. Google scholar mair ns, randall cj, thomas gw, harbourne jf, mccrea ct, cowl kp. Extracel lular proteases could play a role in diseases caused by a. The bacterium actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae app consists of at least twelve different serotypes, some of which. Actinobacillus lignieresii, actinobacillus equuli, actinobacillus suis, actinobacillus capsulatus, and. Bisgaard m, piechulla k, ying yt, frederiksen w, mannheim w. Members of the genus actinobacillus are small, gramnegative, pleomorphic, coccobacillary rods that are facultatively anaerobic, indole negative, galactosidase and urease positive and reduce nitrates olsen and moller, 2004a.
In recent years, the prevalence of problems associated with a. Dejong1 respiratory diseases of livestock research unit, usdaagricultural research servicenational animal disease center. Jul 06, 2019 actinobacillus suis is an important disease of pigs of all ages and can lead to severe morbidity and sudden death. In a concurrent study, we found that antibodies to the a. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotypes in hungary in. It can also infect wild birds, domestic ruminants, dogs, cats and horses. The involvement actinoabcillosis other tissues, generally the skin or lymph nodes, has been regarded as atypical or cutaneous. Some vaccines stimulated reactions sufficient to be protective against a.
Pdf actinobacillus suis y actinobacillus equuli, patogenos. Actinobacillus suis is an opportunistic pathogen of high health status swine and is associated with fatal septicemia, especially in neonatal pigs. Based on differences in toxin types and antigenic properties, it has already been mentioned that a. It is the causative agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, a highly contagious respiratory disease that is responsible for major economic losses in the global pork industry. An experimental model of actinobacillus suis infection in. Actinobacillus suis and actinobacillus equuli, emergent pathogens of septic embolic nephritis, a new. The etiologic agent, actinobacillus suis, is only now being studied in detail. In specific pathogenfree herds, epidemics of severe a. Actinobacillus suis united states 1 salmonella cholerasuis united states 1 arcanobacterium pyogenes united states 1 actinobacillus pleuropnuemoniae united states 1. Actinobacillus suisbatcc 33415t, ccm 5586, ssi p635.
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